Local Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity

Local Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity

This review summarizes current knowledge concerning incidence, risk factors, and mechanisms of perioperative nerve injury, with focus on local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Perioperative nerve injury is a complex phenomenon and can be caused by a number of clinical factors. Anesthetic risk factors for perioperative nerve injury include regional block technique, patient risk factors, and loc...

Anesthetic induced neurotoxicity in children

Anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity: causes, prospective studies and possible interventions

Mechanism of AIDN: The agents lead to damage in the hippocampus and amygdala which leads to learning and memory disturbances subsequently. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic and glutaminergic neurons have been found to undergo apoptosis due to exposure. Experimental studies have shown that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation occurs due to inhalational anesth...

Anesthetic Drug-Induced Neurotoxicity and Compromised Neural Stem Cell Proliferation

Introduction. Because of obvious concerns, it is not possible to thoroughly explore the adverse effects of anesthetics in children. However, the availability of neural stem cell derived models has provided an invaluable tool to examine the etiology of neurotoxicity associated with developmental exposure to general anesthetics. Stem cells and neurotoxicity. To evaluate the degree of anestheticin...

Anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity of the neonate: time for clinical guidelines?

By now most pediatric anesthetists will be aware of the issue of possible neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics on the developing brain. The subject is regularly discussed in editorials, reviews, and conference meetings. It is also being raised in the lay press. Parents are understandably concerned about the effects of any drugs on their newborn or unborn child. Is it time to go further and...